I have noticed that my bike runs best when the outside temp is about 40 to 50 degrees, but I have never had it out in temps much below 40. It could be that it runs even better in those temps???? What would you say is the best outside temp for the bike?
As Jack said, humidity plays a Big role in how much oxygen there is in a given amount of air. But as you can see even at temps to -13F, the density of air keeps getting larger. (This just shows how much O2 there would be in a given amount of air vs the temperature and nothing more)
Effect of temperature vs air density
Temperature Density of air
in °C vs volume of O2 ρ in kg·m−3
+35 1.1455
+25 1.1839
+20 1.2041
+15 1.2250
+5 1.2690
±0 1.2920
-5 1.3163
-10 1.3413
-15 1.3673
-20 1.3943
-25 1.4224
I think the optimum outside temp is between 72-75* Fah.... The bikes operator is much happier..